Abstract Thermophilic fungi constitute an ecologically well-defined group, commonly found in environments wherever decomposition of organic matter takes place, making them self-heating. The importance of thermophilic fungus in ecosystems contrasts with the incompleteness of our understanding of the group’s biogeography patterns, phylogenies and coevolution relationships. Actually, the lack of data about thermophilic fungi from the Brazil is a limiting factor that also contributes for this scenario. In order to reduce this gap of knowledge, we aimed to characterize thermophilic filamentous fungi in Araucaria Forest, Atlantic Forest biome. Species identification was achieved by using internal transcribed spacers (ITS) as molecular ribosomal markers. In total, 240 heat-tolerant fungal strains were isolated and identified as Thermothielavioides terrestris, Thielavia sp., Thermoascus crustaceus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Rhizomucor miehei, Rhizomucor pusillus, and Rhizopus microsporus. All thermophilic strains exhibited optimal growth at 45 °C. T. crustaceus, T. miehei e R. pusillus were the dominant species, with the frequencies of occurrence of 35.00%, 28.33% and 23.33%, respectively. Our data reveals the apparent diversity of the Neotropical realm and may serve as reference to future studies that will try to elucidate important aspects of group.

ABSTRACT Dicksonia sellowiana is the only species of the genus occurring in Brazil. Its distribution is restricted to humid areas of the Atlantic Forest biome. The distribution pattern of biodiversity in this biome is known to have been influenced by historical and environmental factors, although the pattern for ferns remains unknown. This study is first to describe the genetic structure of D. sellowiana along the latitudinal gradient of the Atlantic Forest biome. We use microsatellite markers to estimate genetic diversity and structure for 267 individuals representing 14 populations of D. sellowiana from the Atlantic Forest. The results (Ho, He, Fst, Fis, distance genetic) support the hypothesis of a pattern of biodiversity discontinuity. We found greater genetic variability in populations located in regions of higher humidity and milder temperatures. Our data suggest that there is a clinal distribution pattern of genetic variation along the north to south latitudinal gradient of the Atlantic Forest. This clinal variation has a genetic basis in the frequencies of the two genetic groups. This structure does not evidence long-standing historical barriers to gene flow and favors the influence of landscape characteristics on the establishment of populations.

Resumo Este trabalho compreende um tratamento para Moraceae nas cangas da Serra dos Carajás, no estado do Pará. São apresentados descrição, fotografia e comentário para Ficus americana subsp. guianensis, a única espécie registrada na área de cangas.

Abstract This paper encompasses a treatment for the Moraceae registered for the canga of Serra dos Carajás, Pará state. Description, photo and comments on Ficus americana subsp. guianensis are presented, the only species of the family recorded in the canga vegetation.

RESUMO No presente trabalho foram estudados os grãos de pólen de 11 espécies pertencentes à família Urticaceae (Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw., Cecropia glaziovii (Snethl), C. hololeuca (Miq), C. pachystachya Trécul, Coussapoa microcarpa ( Shott) Rizzini, Laportea aestuans (L.) Chew, Phenax sonneratti (Poir.) Wedd., Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm., Urera baccifera (L.) Gaudich. ex Wedd., U. caracasana (Jacq.) Griseb., U. nitida (Vell.) Brack). Para todos os táxons estudados, são apresentadas descrições, ilustrações e observações.

ABSTRACT Pollen grain morphology of 11 species of Urticaceae was studied Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw., Cecropia glaziovii (Snethl), C. hololeuca (Miq), C. pachystachya Trécul, Coussapoa microcarpa ( Shott ) Rizzini, Laportea aestuans (L.) Chew, Phenax sonneratti (Poir.) Wedd., Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm., Urera baccifera (L.) Gaudich. ex Wedd., U. caracasana (Jacq.) Griseb., U. nitida (Vell.) Brack. Pollen grains descriptions, illustrations, and observations are presented for all studied taxa.

Resumo Este estudo engloba as espécies de Urticaceae registradas nas vegetações de cangas da Serra dos Carajás, Pará, trazendo descrições detalhadas, ilustrações e comentários morfológicos das espécies. Foram encontrados cinco gêneros e sete espécies de Urticaceae para a área de estudo.

Abstract This study encompasses the species of Urticaceae registered for the cangas of Serra dos Carajás, Pará state, bringing detailed descriptions, illustrations and morphological comments of the species. Five genera and seven species of Urticaceae for the study area were found.

As Gimnospermas incluem as plantas vasculares com sementes não inseridas no interior de frutos. Recentes estudos moleculares corroboram para a monofilia das Gimnospermas atuais. Constituem um grupo de espécies amplamente utilizadas para fins econômicos e ornamentais. Contudo, há poucos estudos sobre esse grupo no Brasil. No presente estudo foi realizado o levantamento das espécies e contagem de espécimes ocorrentes no Parque Ibirapuera, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Foi elaborada uma chave dicotômica de identificação para as espécies do Parque e descrição para cada uma das espécies. Foram encontradas 20 espécies de Gimnospermas, pertencendo a 13 gêneros, em cinco famílias. Registraram‑se 352 indivíduos distribuídos por 35 setores do Parque. O Parque Ibirapuera apresentou o maior número de espécies de Gimnospermas, em comparação com outros levantamentos realizados no município, além de apresentar seis espécies como primeira ocorrência registrada, demonstrando a importância deste local para a conservação.

Gymnosperms include vascular plants with seeds not enclosed within fruits. Recent molecular studies support the monophyly of extant Gymnosperms. It comprises a group of species widely used for economic and ornamental purposes. Nevertheless, there are a few studies on this group in Brazil. In the present study we carried out a survey of the species and counted specimens occurring in Ibirapuera Park, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil. An identification key to the species of the Park and descriptions for each species were prepared. We recorded 20 species of Gymnosperms in the park, belonging to 13 genera in five families and registered 352 individuals spread over 35 sectors of the park. Ibirapuera Park showed the highest number of species of Gymnosperms, in comparison with other surveys in the municipality, in addition to presenting six species as the first recorded occurrence, demonstrating the importance of this site for conservation.

Urticaceae está representada por sete gêneros e 14 espécies na área do Parque. Destas, 11 são nativas e três cultivadas (Pilea cadierei Gagnep. & Guillaumin, Pilea nummulariifolia (Sw.) Wedd. e Boehmeria nivea Jacq.). Foram incluídos os gêneros Cecropia com três espécies e Coussapoa com uma espécie.

Urticaceae is represented by seven genera and 14 species in the "Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga" of which 11 species are natives and 3 cultivated (Pilea cadierei Gagnep. & Guillaumin, Pilea nummulariifolia (Sw.) Wedd. e Boehmeria nivea Jacq.). The genera Cecropia is included with 3 species and Coussapoa with only one species.